The Federal Republic of Amali

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La Repubblica Federale Imelien

Per L'Illuminazione di Tutti

"From the sea we rise, to build a golden future, to reach the heavens."
"In honor, by blood, we defend democracy."

La Repubblica Federale Imelien
The Federal Republic of Amali

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Capital
Capannoli

Demonym
Amalian / Imelien

Official Language
Amalian, Standard Common

National Langauges
Amalian, Old Amalian, Standard Common, Gaelic, Ahradi, Koian, Veraki

Official Religion
N/A

Government
Semi-Federal Parliamentary Semi-Presidential Republic

President	Erotas Maridi-Milani
Prime Minister	Orsola Vecellio-Alfonsi

Currency
A$, Amalian Dollar | Dollars
($1 = 1.05≛)

Legislative Branch
 - Upper: Consugio Nashale (National Council)
- Lower: Velia di Gente / Parlamentia (House of the People)

Judicial Branch
Corte Supreme (Supreme Court)

Independence from Verak as Kingdom of Amali
Treaty of Psymna: 2 Vaylien 1117
Treaty of Subjugation: 14 Stay 1128

As Republic of Amali
Constitutionale Consigula Nashonale: 25 Vaylen 1197
Constitutionale Imelien: 6 Obsillia 1200
Emenmendo Populare: 30 Fessera 1851

GDP Per Capita
19,274≛

Gini Coefficient
31.2

Sapient Development Index (SDI)
0.882 (1st)

Calling Code
+1

Date System
DD[/,-]MM[/,-]YYYY

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1930 Census
Population: 298,043,640
- In-Nation: 296,200,217
- Abroad: 1,843,423

Location of Amali in green	Amali's total territory in green

The Federal Republic of Amali

Amali (Standard Common pronunciation: Eh-mah-lee, Imelia: Eh-meh-lee-uh), officially The Federal Republic of Amali (La Repubblica Federale Imelien, "The Amalian Federal Republic"), is situated in southern Granuras, located on the crux of the continent between the Empire of Verak and the various Desert Republics. Amali's territory consists mainly of grasslands, mountain ranges, and Mediterranean coasts and interior. The nation also lays claim to a small portion of the Granahara Desert to its northwest, primarily along the Great Granharan River (Rivira Grande di Granhhara). Amali's territory also consists of the Salrosan Isles and Yehwines, the first of which were the last territories to join the Republic in 1866. Amali's neighbors consist of North and South Siceli, client and buffer states of the Empire of Verak, to her West, the Free Republic of Salokja to her South, and the Dominion of Detti and Kingdom of Revukin to her North. Amali is the second largest-by-population, boasting a population of almost three-hundred million, and is largest economy in the world. Amali is considered to be one of the major trading nations on the south of the continent, owing largely to its trade with Kumosenkan, the United Kingdom of Ulster-Gaelia, the United Kingdoms of Lusatia-Jzegrad, the Imperial State of Galra, and Shahdom of Seleucinda. Many of the world's largest civil and trading ports are located in Amali, primarily around the straits of Eritus-Lijone.

The region of Amali has had people living on it since around 8-7800 MA, however the modern concept of Amali has only existed since around 400 CE. Up until the arrival of Verak, the region was dominated by small kingdoms but, locally, powerful kingdoms and city states with various cultures and governmental structures. The region was also dominated by constant migration events between southern and northern migration, being a natural cross roads for groups moving south along the coast to avoid the Granaharan Desert, the effects of these populations being seen in its language and architectures. Amali was originally a "military region" under the Empire of Verak, being ruled via various Noblistati and Legistati, and originally called Yimulusia. Through the development of humanism and political philosophy, and the advent of the printing press, the region became extraordinarily unstable and unruly. Nevarran attacks on Verakian outposts also helped lead to the collapse of the Empire's control, leading to the Verak-Nevarran War (the Great Desert War) and allowing the region to become independent, albeit now hugged between East Verak (comprised of territory the now-isolated Verakian army controlled) and Verak proper.

The Kingdom of Amali spawned from this chaos, existing as an absolute monarchy until 1198. The Kingdom of Amali expanded a fair bit under the first Queen, Aristotelis Metraki. The royal family was ousted in 1199, forced to flee the country, and replaced by the Counsel General (at first) and quickly by the National Parliament and the first President. The Republic continued to expand, adding all of what would compromise Eastern Amali by the middle of the 13th century. The Western part of the country would be added over a series of accessions from territorial status after having beaten Verak back in the 14th-17th century. In the mid 17th century, Amali underwent its first wave of industrialization which proved to be a massive tipping point for the Second Verak-Amali War. The country continued to develop internally through the 17th and 18th centuries, growing its industrial power and propelling it to one of the largest economies in the world. The final states were admitted in the early 19th century, North and South Salrosa, following the creation of the archipelago republics and demands for ascension into the republic.

The Federal Republic of Amali is a semi-federal constitutional parliamentary semi-presidential republic with three distinct branches of government (the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial) founded in 1200 CE. The Parlamentia and Consugio Nashale are the only national legislative bodies, with the Consugio having been heavily overhauled in 1851. The nation is the oldest Parliamentary Republic in the world. Amali is part of no major world organizations, save the International Staol Trade Treaty; opting to instead work with nations one-on-one to resolve issues and strengthen trade relations. Amali is largely comprised of the Trans-Favonian culture groups, with outliers from Yehwines and the Salrosan Isles, but still maintains a healthy immigration pool from around the world. Amali's culture is shaped by its Eastern Ostrykes culture and Western Imelien culture, blending in those of immigrants. Immigration to Amali is relatively strict, owing to large amounts of Verakian/Sicilean migration, and immigrants are monitored by the Amalian Immigration Services. Immigrants are allowed in on the basis of (a) having resolved employment, (b) sponsored immigration by either a second-generation immigrant or Amalian native, and/or (c) have intentions to start and received funding for economic ventures in the nation. Between economic and scientific immigrants, the latter typically finds it easier to enter the nation. Amali has received numerous internal criticism regarding ease-of-access of Ulster-Gaelians, Eastern Granaharans, Roskanans, and Nevarrans seeking immigration to the Republic. Amali guarantees safe educational access for extra-nationals from outside of Amali's borders wishing to attend her universities.

Etymology

The word Amali, or rather its Standard Common form, evolved from the Amalian word for the nation: Imelia. The word comes from the Verakian conqueror Citrio Salonius's memoirs, where he attempted to distinguish where ancient Premna cut off and this new cultural territory began. It is believed Salonius likely misheard the locals or wished to name them himself, as ancient texts describe the Western lands as Omes Pidas (formal for Western Plains), but more likely Omlusia, named for the largest city in the western bay area. It is likely that Omlusia is responsible for the development of the word Yimulisia, or an infantalization of the word seeing as the general viewed and made apparent his views of the people living there as primitive. Omlusia itself derives from a mixture of Old Amalian and the several century old immigrants from the northeastern deserts, with "om" meaning 'west' in the Desert language and "lusia" meaning "fertile land" in Old Amalian.

It is also believed that usage of the term can date back further, to the Bronze Age where is is believed the territories of Amali were far more organized and economically interdependent than by the time Verak's armies marched on the lands. Some texts, dating back to somewhere between 1250-1200 MA describe a place named Ulmeria Ostrykes, which is unknown what it is referring to but is a likely candidate for the origin of the words.

History
Main articles: History of Amali and Outline of Amali's History

Post Bronze Age Collapse
Before the Bronze Age Collapse, not much is documented save for tales passed down through the ages up until the resettlement of the Bay Areas. The Bronze Age collapse

After the Bronze Age collapse, the region went into a mess of chaotic tribalism. Civilization as it is understood now didn't reemerge until around 1520-1480 MA, with the rise of two major cities. From there, technology was quickly rediscovered - or rather, as some ancient translators hypothesize, spread around once more - likely due to potential immigration from other regions. Multiple city states developed and fought one another, giving rise to kingdoms and proto-democracies in more remote areas. Religion was commonly Thessaside, passed down orally through the generations, or Fato, owing to migration from the North. The Bay Kingdoms largely warred with one another, only occassionally leaving the region for modern-day northern Salvokja and the Eastern Granahara Kingdoms.

Verakian Conquest & Occupation

Around 1280 MA, the Kingdom of Verak began its expansion Eastward with several Legatis spearheading the charge. They broke off in several directions: south towards Salvokja, north towards modern day Nevarra, and east through modern day Amali. Two Legatuses drove Eastward, conquering the various city states and kingdoms, one coming to a stop near the Strait of Briscoln while the other continued East to the Walval Ocean. Through reports and memoirs of the Legatuses and their generals, many of the kingdoms offered fierce resistance that forced them to divert and march around these nations; in most cases, they took their lightly defended border towns but pressed onward while allowing the kingdoms to barricade themselves alone. The city states fell quickly, often times fearing being completely destroyed.

The city state of Myricos fled, for the most part, from its ports to its colones on the island of Yehwines. Most of the colonies were initially overwhelmed by the large influx of citizens, leading to strife and famines, however Myricosien democracy continued unabated while Verak took the shell-city. The Legati in charge of the Easterward conquests, Citrio Salonius, noted that the city "fell without resistance", "was severely depopulated", and "not worth the recolonization effort." The city, for the next one hundred or so years, remained apparently sparsely populated until the return of the Myricosiens as per their re-arrival census.

The manpower, as the wars continued, came from the region of Yimulsia to replenish her ranks. Veteran Verakian troops were held as reserves or committed to sieges while fresher auxiliary Amalian troops were thrust on the front line. With the kingdoms surrounded and isolated, Verak slowly began to squeeze them until they, too, fell to their grasp. One kingdom, from the memoirs of a general named Pellio Lucius, was said to have been so thoroughly crushed the people abandoned their capital. However, evidence of this city, either as an evacuation or flight, has yet to be found. It is largely believed that this claim was meant to boost Lucius's standing with the Emperor of the time, to promote him to control over some portion of the territory.

Occupation by Verak, particularly in post-kingdom cities, was brutal and repressive. Strict curfews and implementation of colonial laws, along with destruction of many of the legal codes written of the time, saw much of the region on lockdown. Many sites have been discovered that are believed to be modern day work camps nearby to quarries and several mass-execution death pits have been uncovered, particularly more in the west than the east. Coinciding with these atrocities, Verak began moving in settlers to the region in an attempt to fill the streets with more friendly faces. According to anthropological records concerning burial sites, this appears to have had less and less effect the further away from the main Verakian state. Post-wars, Amali was slowly divided up into sub-territories to be ruled by Noblistati (Civil/Noble Dukes) and further governed by Legatistati (Military Dukes). Each of which would maintain an army of a similar description: veteran Verakian storm and special soldiers with the general army manned with local contingents headed by those of Verakian birth. Military training for the average Amalian were rough and dehumanizing but rewarding for "good" behavior, as one soldier wrote; the purpose of such training to break down the Yimulsian into a cog of Verak's military, to be deployed against their own cultural brothers and sisters at a moment's notice. This training had mixed effects, but it is likely that the effectiveness of such methods were overstated by Legati to avoid punishment or be promoted away from such duties.

During this time, many of the offspring of soldiers who fought in the war set about learning on a much wider scale than before. With the potential of their parents not being there, education (or rather, as we know today, literacy) took off in much wider upper circles to preserve stories and myths for future generations. These pieces were painstakingly copied over and over using ink, papyrus, and cow leather, dispersed throughout cities and countries. Underground (pre-modern) libraries existed to offer these books, but after some time found their facilities torched by Verakian troops with increasing veracity. As more libraries fell and their contents burned, it became increasingly difficult to maintain "copiers", as the profession was called, and a new method had to be formed. As the decades grew to centuries, an invention would be born in Amali to greatly speedup such processes: the printing press.

The printing press allowed Yimulsians to quickly create the books and literature required, and more easily spread copies to more far flung areas. As well, the discovery lead to more works being replicated and more works being able to be preserved against Verak's onslaught. Armies stationed in Verak attempted to stop these printing presses, destroying the facilities as well if they could, which proved effective for a time. Due to the relative new-ness of the invention, constructing and maintaining one was an expensive endeavor and required planning and forethought. So, while the copier didn't disappear overnight, the invention was able to alleviate most of the stresses placed by book burning. Another important addition to this was the development of pictograph in addition to standard text; and suddenly, knowledge and diagrams of how to build the printing press were being spread just as cultural heritage was.

The Rise of Humanism & The Great Troubles
Around 1000 CE, the first inklings of what is now known as Humanist and Pragmatist philosophies began to surface in Amali. Mainly sticking around closed circles, developing only through verbal and hand-written communication, the fledgling ideas slowly grew into what we know today. Early pioneers aren't well known, as their notes were too disparate, but the first collection, Humanist Thoughts was written and published by Thanasis Pulidi in 1033. The first works were widely distributed in Lijone, seeing around fifteen copies printed on a printing press. These works slowly began to filter into the wider audience of the city, many demanding more information on what these new ideas were. From there, Pulidi and his cohort set out to further develop their ideas and publish more. More works continued to be published, both from Pulidi and co, their detractors/critics, and others unaffiliated with the philosophy but entertained by the prospects.

The works slowly began to spread outside the city, finding their way all over the region before long, wherein the Legatistati finally discovered these developments through her servants. Many surroundnig regions, such as the Granahara Desert and Southern Granahara tundra, also received such copies likely via trade and military routes set up by Verak. A harsh crackdown was implemented in provinces identified as problems; surprisingly, the province in which Lijone was occupied failed to meet the criteria despite housing most of the writers. The memoirs of Legatistati Umbria Optatus are not known, likely being safeguarded by Verak today, so there is not much beyond speculation. Two main theories arose: (1) the Legatistati knew about Lijone as the origin, and preferred to stop further entrenchment to deal with it later, or (2) failed to see Lijone as the problem and had a personal vendetta against one or many Noblistati. Regardless, this confusion allowed more civilians to become exposed to such ideas.

At some points, in remote villages and towns, these works were read as the tales of old: presented around campfires and discussing many of the merits of the work. It was around one such campfire that Stefania Nicolatzi discovered these works, and went on to write about a potential nationstate in early adulthood. She traveled to Lijone to study and learn under one of Pulidi's students, eventually finding her way to discussions on humanism, democracy, and nationhood. Her works, despite their flaws, were printed by young printers eager to get the word out about a country free from Verak, free to chose its own destiny.

Upon learning about the printing of A Democratic Home, Legatistati Optatus began a ruthless crackdown in the region against any who expressed such sentiments. Naturally, many innocents who were unaware of such work were killed. Optatus, likewise, marched on Lijone, de-positioning the local Noblistati in Marabiello without consent from the Empress Aburia Draco. Lijone was subject to occupation by a green Verakian army, with which many homes and businesses were ransacked without abandon. Adding further fuel to the soon-to-be-fire, upon learning of the Optatu's transgressions, Aburia forcibly dismissed her and replaced the Legatistati with Erotium Romanus, sending with him a veteran army fresh from the Western Wars. Upon learning from a messengar that Romanus was her replacement, by force if necessary, Optatus began force-drafting locals into her own military to bolster her ranks and prepared to meet Romanus in Western Amali. Due to the treatment of the soldiers, many of the would-be draftees resisted, leading to riots in the streets of Lijone and forcing the unsuspecting Verakians to abandon the city with an angry mob chasing them.

With Verak pushed out of the city, the city council quickly drafted a constitution for its own nation, making hastily-made copies filled with spelling and grammar mistakes to disperse to the population and other cities. With Romanus to her West and a middling threat in the East, Optatus moved her armies West to face Romanus. While a short-lived and ernest campaign, Optatus's green troops were no match for the seasoned soldiers under Romanus. However, the spats gave enough time for the Lijone Republic to organize some defenses and military supplies. The nation was extraordinarily small, not composing of more than Lijone and several surrounding farming towns, but attempted to meet Romanus on the field - or rather, harry their march towards Lijone. Lijone's military failed to coordinate with more veteran Amalian soldiers from the now-defunct Marabiello-based army combined with such a short notice on weapons and armor, leading to most of their soldiers being nothing more than irregulars paired with whatever arms they could find and ramshackle armor.

The Lijone Republic was crushed, and the city badly destroyed in the ensuing siege. The short-lived republic lasted for only thirty-two days before Romanus's forces siezed the Statehouse. The city council, and many of the humanists residing still within the city, were captured, tried (in mainly kangaroo courts), and executed. However, despite the immense failure of Lijone, word and pamhplets began to spread throughout the region and further, still, into more colonial holdings. Try as they might, Romanus and the other Legatistati could not stop the spread of this information, even if it was embellished. The story of the first republic, standing against Verak, was not to be ignored by the people in increasingly dissatisfying positions. Revolts and riots became common in the region, as well as other regions, however the problems in Yimulsia proved more compounding as troop movements and resupply became increasingly more obstructed.

The Bay and Desert Revolutions
With mounting unrest in the Empire's east, brutal repression tactics, and invasions from Nevarran raiding parties, revolution was all but guaranteed. Small groups began openly fighting with Verakian forces and mass dessertion by Yimulsians meant the Eastern armies were ill-prepared to fight on all fronts. While a more veteran army was dispatched by Empress Aburia (and further supported by her successor, Emperor Pellio Apelles), they were primarily tasked with defeating Nevarran armies and raiding groups. The Verakian armies already stationed in the area would be responsible for defeating the insurrection and rioters. By 1102, enough stress was put on the region to produce arms and foodstuffs for the large armies that a famine broke out amongst the local populace. The Grain Riots, mostly centered in Lijone and Myricos, lead to further repression and further calls for action against the Verakian Noblistati and Legistati. As the war in the north continued to occupy most of Verak's military, the far Eastern Granaharan territory began to openly rebel against Verak's rule. Ten years later, in 1111 CE, Yimulsia began openly rebelling as well.

The Verakian forces were now fighting a two front war: against Nevarran forces and the people they ruled over, and with each passing day the continued stress on their supply lines coming from Verak lead to an eventual collapse. The forces withdrew, leaving behind token garrisons to try and fend off the riotus population. The Northern provines paid off the Nevarran invaders, leading to them ending their attempted conquest of the region to recoup their own losses against Verak. Verak eventually returned to the area, attempting to pass through and aid the failing forces in the Northeastern most part of the nation. The constant harassment made it difficult, and the northeastern forces were soon abandoned in favor of putting down the Yimulsia Revolts.

Eventually, the first political identities formed, primarily in the east as the armies lacked the force projection being tied down in the west. Troop movements Eastward provided much needed reprieve, and the eventual proclamation of the western nations. Verak's military forces now divided proved to easier to defeat in open combat, especially owing to the lack of rest many of the armies suffered from with open conflict in the west. By 1120, the Yimlusia nations successfully broke away and removed Verak; for a time, at least. Despite this, there was no central Amalian identity, so the kingdoms eventually fell back into warring with one another over territory as they did two thousand years ago.

The Kingdom of Imelia (Il Regio di Imelia)

The Kingdom of Imelia was situated around the northeastern part of the Thessaside Bay. It was an absolute monarchy with succession only to the eldest child, and full unitarian nature with dukes and lords being unable to negotiate for themselves or declare war on one another. The ruling family, the Metraki Dynasty, was headed by Aristotelis Metraki the Matron (1097 - 1167, death due to undisclosed cancer) for most of the Kingdom's existence before being succeded by her daughter, Silas Metraki the Kind (1129 - 1198, death due to cervical cancer), for the remainder of the kingdom's existence. The Kingdom de facto ruled the territory from 1118 to 1197, before being overthrown by the Blue Revolutionaries in 1199 following unsuccessful liberalization stalled by nobility who sought to maintain power over the fledgling Queen. The Kingdom of Imelia saw moderate success and expansion, adding some territory from the Eastern Yumlisia nations while they warred with one another. The capital was Psymna and was also the capital of the successor state, the Republic of Imelia. Near the end of Aristotelis's rule, and with her growing infermity, laws were passed that strengthed the noble's powers and abilities, while calling for higher taxes to fund further expansion eastward.

Foundation, Revolution, & Expansion of the Republic

In 1186, Queen Silas announced attempts to curtail landed noble power in the courts and undue influences on the nation's laws. The curbing of this power came almost suddenly, much to the chagrin of the nobility, and lead to an attempted coup to oust the Queen put in place her youngest brother, Aris, who had maintained the strength of the nobility over the course of 1186 to 1189. This attempted coup failed, however it delayed the changes the Queen intended by 1190 to around the turn of the century due to her now weakened central authority. With this weakened authority, unlanded nobles began planning with the local guildmasters in Psymna to establish a Council Republic to rule over the nation and reduce the royal family's power. The unlanded nobles sought to consolidate more military strength from the landed nobles, seeking mercenaries and turncoat officers in the nobles' armies, with the latter being surprisingly far more successful than the former.

With enough believed support, the Council of Imelia made their demands to the Queen on threat of revolution if she didn't ascent to the terms. The Queen, notably, refused the demands and the Blue Revolution began, named for the light blue coats the revolutionary soldiers wore to distinguish themselves against their Royalist gray brothers and sisters. Most of the fighting of the revolution was in Psymna and its surrounding towns, but some conflict did make its way into the countryside and other cities between which side to support. To the misfortune of the Council, word had spread how their side was fighting for a Republic along the humanist ideals set forth over a century ago, not the Council Republic they wished to create. This would prove to be pivotal issue following the revolution.

The Queen died in 1198 in her sleep due to complications with cancer, leaving her son, Nasos, in charge to face off against his uncle, with the nobles now divided between supporting the Queen's successor and Pretender Aris's ascension. This internal war caused the Blues to oust the nobility from the capital, declaring their Council Republic victory, and sending the Metraki dynasty into neighboring kingdoms. Aris was captured before he his ship could depart for the Kingdom of Eritus, and was summirarily executed for treason. The Exiled King, however, never was seen as a traitor as the Council Republic still wanted for there to be the monarchy, just without the centralized power structure that gave rise to the problems of nobility. In the summer of 1199, with the Council now safely established, the various cities began sending delegations that they had voted to represent them. Of course, as the Council was already pre-assembled with the unlanded nobles and guildmasters, these delegations were not allowed in to the political meetings of the nation. Outraged, the delegations returned to their cities telling the people of the already-now-corrupt council in the capital, and began raising militias. The Council, unfortunately, now had to contend with its own seasoned troops turning against them in favor of the far more democratic demands of the outlying cities and their mayors. In 1200, the Concil conceded defeat as word of a militia-army from Kepetros would soon be upon Psymna; however, no such army was marching as the Kepetros militia was months away from being prepared to lay siege and gathering soldiers still to march to war.

The Conventions were called and a proper democratic government was put in place, succeeding the Council Republic however retaining its name as the La Reppublica Imelien. The Parlamentia is first created here and served as a unicameral legislature, along with an elected Presidente to act for four years. The Parlamentia was apportioned based on the populations of each city, with each receiving at least one delegate to represent them there. The new Republic had much to solve, such as the new debt crisis from funding the war that left many of the guilds of the nation near bankruptcy. Laws and bills were passed to attempt to alleviate these problems, and taxes were levied in their first instances against the remaining nobles to pay off the war debt. The seized assets from the exiled nobles also went to paying off these debts.

Of course, as the Republic was rebuilding and trying to keep itself together, the Exiled King began raising his army from the skeleton that had managed to follow him east. With a handful of nobles and only a hundred or so footsoldiers, the King raised an army of roughly 4,500 soldiers to march back on Pymnas and attempt to remove the Republic from power in 1203. At the time, while the Republic army was theoretically far bigger than the King's (at around 10,800 total soldiers), it only maintained an active 2,000 soldiers with problems of corruption in the new officer corps. As well, the Republic Army suffered from logistical and payment problems (often logistical being exasperated by lack of funds) which prevented the Army from being deployed beyond the major cities. The King marched back into Amali, hoping (and deluded) to be met with praise from his mother and grandmother's loyal subjects. However, the citizens staunchly opposed him and often times resisted when he arrived in the town of Kourini, renamed from Metraki following the revolution, as the citizens there harassed his forces. Crackdowns lead to a temporary, but unstable, peace and the Parliament was informed of the Exiled King's arrival. With an election around the corner, the President of the time, Sergios Anthide, personally lead the 2,000 soldiers to Kourini with his party, the Democratic Front, leading a reserve 2,400 that answered the call to arms. Between the beseiging 4,400 regular soldiers and the civillians actively resisting their occupiers, King Nasos was forced to abandon his two months attempt to build support in the eastern reaches of the nation. 2,200 soldiers had remained to pacify the city, while the 2,300 remaining left to go seize the capital of the province and establish more local rule in the region to build more material and manpower support. Of that 2,200, only fourteen or so had died during the siege largely from head-trauma and thirty or so were injured. The King abandoned the town, sending a message to the 2,300 to retreat as well that was intercepted by Amalian light calvary.

Sensing an opportunity to massively boost popular support for his party, Anthide took his forces to meet Nasos's remaining at Pasa. Anthide attacked the forces laying siege to Pasa two days later, taking them largely by surprise, as the forces had almost managed to take the city. With their camps overrun and seemingly surrounded on all but one side, Nasosi forces fled but took heavy casualties while doing so. Of the 2,300 most were captured or killed (~1,230), with about 800 managing to make their way back to Nasos's main camps and the rest deserting King Nasos. Anthide's party spread the word about their victories at Kourini and Pasa, leading to a massive surge in support not just for Anthide and the Democratic Front (and a sweeping victory in the 1204 elections), but for the Republic's first war against another nation. The Parliament drafted a war resolution against the Kingdom of Taneira, sending by horseback the declaration, citing their support for Nasos as the reason. In truth, the King of Taneira was unaware due to his generals purposefully keeping him in the dark for hopes of monetary reparations for helping King Nasos, so the war declaration came as a suprise and lead to the swift execution of several generals. Anthide marched with his troops on Taneira, with another 4,500 regular soldiers and 1,230 irregulars bolstering their ranks after Pasa. The Army's logistical capabilities were severely tested, leading to the creation and funding of logistical companies to support the Army. Nasos's forces were eventually found and forced to surrender, now heavily outnumbered, and Nasos himself was arrested to be tried for treason. However, this never happened as Nasos fled the nation before his trial could begin, and was never seen again. Taneira eventually surrendered to Amali in 1207, the King being forcibly ousted by the Republic and Taneira being molded into a republic to be incorporated into Amali. The Republic had doubled in size, now bordering the failing Twin Republics (Republic of Yehwines and Myricos) and the Kingdom of Eritus.

The Twin Republics, after many failed attempts to stabilize finances, eventually asked to join the Republic of Amali as member states of the union. The institutions making up the central government were copied and expanded upon to govern over more diverse populations and territories. The Kingdom of Eritus fell into civil war in 1246, leading to a massive wave of refugees the government was ill-prepared to take on. Amali eventually stationed a permanent garrison of 5,750 soldiers in the major cities of Eritus to help it stabilize and form into a new republic, which later was admitted for statehood in Amali in 1252.

The Summer Coup
Thirty years after the annexation and incorporation of Taneira as a state, in the summer of 1242 CE, the Taneiran delegation attempted to seize control over the Parliament by force. Seeking to establish a Populist Dictatorship where they were in charge, Taneiran delegates sought popular support in Parliament which would remove the powers of the President and concede control to a government created by their hands. Such works were slow, but eventually a sizable minority was created to support removing powers of the President. As well, Taneiran paramilitaries began to draw to the capital of Psymna, planning to lock the city down from the inside and prevent other states from responding quickly. Particularly around this time, the Democratic Front had lost most of its substantial, initial lead due to failures to modernize and develop more infrastructure in the nation and resting on its earlier conquests under the late Sergios Anthide.

Outnumbered, a plan was devised to incapacitate the city's guards and quell any potential uprising against the Taneiran-led government. In early summer of 1242, the plan was set into motion with the Parliament calling for an emergency meeting regarding the powers of the President, and to remove President Simone Bellini as the population had lost faith in the leader. The meeting in Parliament was held and it seemed as though the members of Parliament agreed with the delegation at the start, however, debate began as to the legitimacy of allowing the Taneiran delegation to organize the Parliamentary-government. This indecision lead to a mistiming of further events; as the Taneirans were unable to send word due to the urgency level, their paramilitary forces began their operation in Psymna. Unsuspecting, most of the guard was taken by surprise and a large swath of the city was in paramilitary hands before long. A riot broke out against the Taneirans; however, they were able to beat it down through their better-armed troops.

The Taneiran insurrectionists attempted to take the President by force, attacking the Presidential House and breaching its outergates. The Presidential Guard, numbering only about fifty-eight at the time, put up a valiant effort against the insurrectionists; giving Bellini time to escape and organize the city's guard. The commotion made its way to Parliament, with the non-Taneiran aligned MPs attacking the Taneiran MPs with canes and fists. The delegation was severely outnumbered, and many were beaten to a pulp before the city guard arrived to check in on the emergency session. One guard wrote, "I have never seen so much blood come from one man's mouth, and to think he had so many more teeth there, too!"

The Taneiran revolt was put down and the leaders rounded up and tried for treason against Amali. Most of the leaders were executed, and Taneira's delegation was suspended from joining the Parliament as punishment. Taneiran was renamed to Cyrine, and its delegation allowed back into Parliament fifteen years later.

17th Century

The Affirmation Wars / The First and Second Verak-Amali Wars
The Affirmation Wars were a series of two wars (1611 - 1614, The Three Year War, and 1649 - 1660, The Ten Year War) and border skirmishes between Amali and Verak, along with several smaller states in the western half of the Bays. The first war broke out when Verak invaded the Lijone Republic, to which Amali dispatched several thousand soldiers to aid in the defense of the nation as a group of volunteers. Verak declared war on Amali after seeing the armies in Lijone, leading to Amali responding in kind and calling upon more of their armed forces. The first war saw Amali build up a more capable navy, transporting goods and people to the frontlines. This was also Amali's first major, modern war against a major power, and expanded from the Lijone Republic to the Kingdoms of Sassalbo and Grottolella, along with the Confederation of Torrecola in the northwestern deserts. Neither Verak nor Amali saw any fighting in their own territories. The initial gains of Verak were generally halted, leading to the 1614 Treaty of Lijone, which established the borders of Verak further Eastward, but not nearly as much as they had initially hoped to gain. The first war resulted in Lijone and Torrecola to officially join the Republic, expanding it further West and now officially bordering Verak.

The inter-war period was tense, with skirmishes breaking out and threatening to escalate into full-blown war. The central government, however, didn't sit still and sought allies and partners outside the immediate area. As Verak had a few colonies on the new continent of Touli, the United Kingdom of Ulster-Gaelia entreatied with Amali, securing arms and some military advisors to further professionalize the Amalian military. Nevarra seeking to finally restore land lost in earlier wars, as well, parlayed with Amali in providing much needed supplies and introducing staol to the nation for the first time.

The Second Verak-Amali War began in the autumn of 1649. Staol, in these matters, proved the most vital part of the war as Amali's production capacities exploded over the tense peace period. The mechanization of gun production meant higher quality weapons could be produced regularly and at higher volumes, leading to a better equipped army. The second war lasted for just over ten years, largely due to an intense back and forth between the two sides ultimately culminating in Verak losing more land than it gained in the first, and with the establishment of the two Siceli client states to separate the two nations.

19th Century

Annexation and Incorporation of the Salrosan Isles
The Salrosan Isles were the last two states to be admitted to the Republic, and feature a shark-like race likely descended from a common ancestor as the Shazza'k, though notably their skin is tougher to survive the cooler waters of the south. The Salrosan Isles, made up of North and South Salrosa, were discovered by Nerina Ricci, an explorer from Lijone. Her expeditionary team made first contact with them in 1407, however, the government of the time didn't care much for the islands as bigger threats were mounting in the western parts of the nation.

In 1802, however, much had changed. Amalian immigrants arrived in Salrosa, seeking to establish profitable enterprises on the island. The isles had remained largely tribal, with a form of a confederation forming yet lacking any real power to enforce itself. With the immigrants, Amalians brought literature and talked about democracy back on the mainland, ultimately leading to the tribes forming a proto-democratic society. As it was far more imperfect, likely by design by immigrants, the Amalians had an outset of power in the democracy due to a considerable wealth disparity between them and the locals. More processes were created that gave more power to the Amalians, tipping the balance of power heavily in favor of the immigrants in 1811.

During this time, a naval officer of the Kumosenkan navy sought to expand her reputation by conquering new lands in the name of the Empress. In the fall of 1813, the officer instructed troops to disembark on South Salrosa, which of the two, was significantly less defended than the North. The dozen or so soldiers gave an awful surprise to the Amalians living there, leading to a very short firefight between the two sides. No deaths were reported, only a few injuries on each side, however the international crisis sent both countries spiraling to figure out what happened. Nothing resulted from this other than curt apologies and the Salrosan Isles officially joining the Republic.

20th Century

The Hawaiian War (1907-1910)
While not directly involved in the Ulster-Gaelian/Kumo War over Hawaii, Amali was both an observe and had its shipping harassed by both the Gaelian and Kumo fleets. A tense standoff between the three began in the earlier days of the war, as Amali joining could have tipped the war decisively one way or the other given the relative equal-ness of both fleets. Eventually, both sides relented on the condition Amali does not provide direct war materiel to either side in the form of processed goods, in return both would continue to pay Amali for the losses this would incur, to which Amali agreed and expanded trade with other parts of the Old World. Primarily, where Amal is concerned, is the after-effects of the Hawaiin War both in military and civil matters. Civil-wise, Amalian psychologists quickly found their way to both countries to study the effects of war more directly on both naval and army personnel in the hopes of further defining what this 'shell-shock' condition might be, what triggers it, and if there could be a potential cure for it. Militarily, Amali took note of the war's direction, and the eventual loss of the Ulster-Gaelian fleet, and began to modify her navy to resemble that of Kumo's, adopting many similar design patterns.

Geography

Biodiversity

The vast arrays of biomes Amali presides over means it's one of the most uniquely rich nations in terms of fauna and flora, ranging from plains to deserts to cooler climates. This diversity is also expanded upon by the seas Amali controls, such as the Bays of the mainland and the waters around the Salrosan Isles. There are seventy-four national parks maintained by the federal government and the government owns about 32% of all land in the nation. These parks are located in the south, north and eastern parts of the nation. Of the land owned, only about 15% is leased for private drilling, excavation, and logging and around 2% is used for military reasons.

Amali maintains a list of all species and their relative abundances. The National Parks and Wildlife Administration (NaPWA) counts: 408 mammalian species, 743 bird species, 329 reptilian species, and 318 amphibian species. There is an ever increasing number of bug species, currently totaling around 83,000 unique species. NaPWA also maintains a rating for each species, currently being: Extinct, Nonrecoverable (population numbers less than 100 breed-able pairs, or male/female ratio is skewed too far in one way), Endangered (less than 1000 breed-able pairs), Cautionary, and Safe. Amali's city planning and reliance on walkability and public transit has kept many of the oceans cleaner than their contemporaries, mainly problems arising from heavy trading ships and military vessels.

Government & Politics

Main articles:

Amali is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic with a strong central government and a bicameral legislation. It was the world's oldest surviving federated parliamentary republic and is the sole unitary parliamentary republic in the world. The country is also the longest running presidential system in the world, dating back to around 1000 C.E. during The Great Troubles. The country is one of the most stable democracies in the world despite its neighbor's efforts. The nation is divided into eighteen polistatis and one special administrative district which is the capital. The country has both a President (Amalian version/Direct translation) and a Prime Minister (Amalian version/Direct translation).

The government is divided into three branches:

• Executive: composed of the President and Prime Minister. The President is responsible for representing the nation on the international stage while the Prime Minister is responsible for developing internal policies. The Cabinet primarily composed by, for, and answers to the Prime Minister with the Secretary of International Relations working alongside the President. The President is directly elected by the Major Citizens of the nation while the Prime Minister is the elected lead of the Parlamentia, elected via, largely, coalition governments. The Prime Minister is elected from the Parlamentia, as the Amalian Constitution does not provide those powers for the Consugio Nashale.
  
• Legislative: The Legislative Branch draft and pass bills and resolutions that become laws. The powers of the Legislative are, non-comprehensively, the ability to: declare war, raise and administer taxes, the power of government dismissal, the power of impeachment, approval of treaties. The Legislative Branch is comprised of the Parlamentia, which is directly voted on by the people, and and the Consugio Nashale, which apportioned based on total population in each state using the Pisano Method, named after mathematician Teofila Pisano who invented it, and apportioned at least one seat depending on population size.
  
• Judicial: The Judicial Branch largely presides over making sure laws are constitutional. There exists the Supreme Court, the highest court in the land, and several lower federal courts to dispense judgement. The Supreme Court is a nine-person panel serving until they are deemed unfit for service. Though, expectations (and recently, certain amendments on the table) are that they will retire long before age and age-related illness become an issue.
  

Elections are required by law to be Ranked Choice Voting (RCV) regardless of the size of the election, along with two final options for "Abstaining" and "Abstaining with No Confidence". The last option is an adversarial count against all candidates. Should that choice be ranked above all others, the ballot fails and all current candidates are removed for the next cycle. New candidates are chosen, and a temporary delegation of the top three candidates are dispatched to the central government, sharing in their vote until the next election process finishes. This delegation changes after each vote. These laws apply to both the Parlamentia and Consugio. The Consugio is portioned by the Pisano Method while the Parliamentia is apportioned based on the population, wherein all states receive at minimum one Raporrsintinte (Representative) and one Consigulera (Consuler). States with more population have more far individuals in Parliamentia and only a few more than the smaller counterparts in the Consugio. Particularly important in the Consugio is the prevention of rule by minority, wherein the framers attempted to set down rules that would prevent a small minority of the population from having complete control over the burgeoning democracy while still allowing them to have a voice and not be ignored by the larger states.

The Preident is elected based on popular support in a potential two-round process: if no candidate secures the first vote by over 50%, then the two most popular candidates proceed to the second round. The first round is elected based on a three-choice ranked ballot, wherein voters select their top three candidates and then the votes are apportioned after each round. After the third round of eliminations, should the ballot not land in a remaining candidate, the vote is dropped. However, all rounds of elimination are published within ten days of the Consugio Electale (Electoral Council) finalizing the counting from which either the second round is called or the next President is announced. The Consugio Electale is comprised of a variable number of representatives, currently being eighteen from each polistati, to oversee the tallying in each polistati. The Prime Minister, on the other hand, is voted from the Parliamentia by a Coalition of Government.

Citizenship is divided into two sects: Youth Citizen (Citezeni Giovanele) and Major Citizen (Citezeni Magiorre). Youth citizen is provided to those born in the nation, only being superseded by major citizen after passing the National Citizenship Test, which all those seeking Major Citizen status must pass (including those born of Amalian parents). The test may be attempted once per year.

Political Divisions

For more information, see:

The nation is subdivided into eighteen polistatis, or statis for short, (loosely states or, more literally, 'political land'), with various counties making up said states. States, and further, their counties, are derived from their pre-ascension into the Republic, many having stable borders around the time Amali was founded. Most of the polistatis are contiguous, ranging over vast climate and biome differences, with Salrosa and Yehwines being the only non-contiguous states of the republic. States maintain some level of autonomy, mostly directed at maintaining local infrastructure and developing the state in ways that make the most sense for the local population. Each state typically raises its own taxes to fund public works not provided by the federal government, or to expand upon grants or packages that the federal government provides.

Territories, which Amali currently has none, receive a special "observer" status in Congress. They may not vote, but they may elect and send observers (up to five) to see certain laws being passed. Territories do not receive official representation in Congress, nor are they taxed by the federal government. Territories also cannot participate in federal elections.

Foreign Relations

Main articles: Foreign Relations of Amali

Law

For more information, see: Amalian Laws

Laws are drafted at city/township, county, state, and the federal level, which the latter most supersedes all other laws and rulings. Laws are passed by the Parliamentia and Consugio, and voted on constitutionality by the Corte Supreme (Amalian Supreme Court). Laws are based on both ancient Verakian, notably lacking enforcement of religion and religious practices, and ancient Omlusian laws, the territory that now comprises the Republic. There exists both a criminal code and a civil code of laws, and likewise two distinct legal systems between criminal trials and proceedings, and civil trials and proceedings. Rather than its Verakian counterpart, which relies on Verakian Common Law, Amali relies on Civil Law as its legal system.

The prison system/courts of Amali seek rehabilitation of most criminals over punitive justice as of now and following massive changes to the laws following the 1899 publication The Amalian Prison System: Effects of Punitive Action on Individual Lives and the Communities (La System Priogine di Imelia: Effeti di Azione Punitiva e la Comunita) from the University of Capanolli's psychology and legal schools. Focusing more on rehabilitation has dropped recidivism in the nation substantially, including more preventative measures such as school age requirements and more public funding for early education (trials commenced late 1907 and lasted to late 1926, leading to the 1927 legislation that changed how the school systems worked in Amali). Punitive prisons still remain, albeit scaled down, and are reserved for those deemed too dangerous by psychologists. Most of these prisons exist largely in the northwestern deserts of the nation.

Private prisons are illegal under Amali law, and have been since the inception of the republic. This is largely due to Verak's usage of what would be considered private prisons in the modern era, where Verakian nobles would house criminals in exchange for their labor set at a price of free. Pre-Amali philosophers and humanists argued that such situations, where a private entity can control the life of another, runs fundamentally against a free and open society wherein all receive dignity.

Laws are enforced by state and federal police. A cross-state, federal-level crime investigation entity exists with the creation of the Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB) in 1901. The current director of the FIB is Severo Opizzi.

Legally, Amali protects all citizens regardless of national origin, sex, gender, creed, religion, species, and skin color. According to the statements of the constitution, and all federal legal and legislative measures, no government on any level in Amali may restrict an Amalian citizen's rights on any basis of the aforementioned criteria. Amali only legally recognizes civil unions between eligible adults, allowing special benefits and legalities for those unioned together in civil law such as alimony, prenuptial agreements, and court-approved asset splitting. Amali does not grant citizenship at birth to children born to parents who do not hold Amalian citizenship (at least one parent of the immediate family must hold citizenship, Amalian surrogates do not count as per law); first the nation will attempt to contact and establish citizenship in the family's home nation and, if refused, then provides Minor Citizenship status to the child. Amali maintains facilities and protections for refugees fleeing from nations under threat of persecution from their national governments.

Military

For more information, see:

The military of Amali is headed by the president of Amali in both peace and war times. Directly under the president are the High Generals of the Armed Forces, comprising of the Escercite (Army), Flotte (Navy), and newly-created Aviazione (Air Force). The Forze di Protezeone Civele (literally, Civil Defense Force) is administered by the Department of the Homeland but can be called into active service following a special vote by either Parliament or the High Generals and the President. Amali's military is one of the largest expenses, coming in second only behind the social services the federal government provides. The military maintains training procedures and education for the modern war, being a mixed military of motorized and foot utilizing air power and massive artillery, as well as a doctrine of total defense during peacetime, wherein the government and all sectors of the economy work together to prepare for a defensive conflict.

Amali is a voluntary-service military. The government does not maintain any service-by-requirement or selective service laws for any segment of the population. Even as a volunteer army, Amali maintains just over a million active service personnel between all branches of the military owing to its massive population size. Amali transitioned out of the combat-by-line doctrine with the advent of the repeating rifle, starting with its special forces in 1832. Current uniforms of the military consist of two types: a winter and summer outfit. Other variations exist, such as a tropical and arctic uniform to suit units in those environments. Doctrine changes also began in 1900, attempting to prepare the Amalian military for more modern combat; these doctrinal changes come about due to the heavier reliance on supply lines and urban combat being much more likely with modern arms. The Amali special forces are also trained to deal with partisan forces in the event of a war with Verak. Most of Amali's current war plans are centered around a defensive war against Kumosenkan or Verak, as Nevarra has never made attempts at Amali's territorial integrity.

Much of Amali's equipment is made "in-house", owing to a large industrial and technological capacity in the nation. Amali's military is highly advanced, falling only behind Kumosenkan, the United Kingdom of Ulster-Gaelia, and Galra in terms of naval technology and mainly Galra in others (air force, ground forces). Skirmishes irregularly break out on the western border between Verak/Sicelian forces and Amalian border patrols, not amounting more than those singular instances. There are also common airspace violations against both the Sicelis and Amali by the two sides, probing and scouting their defensive networks.

Amali maintains most of its military units at home, with the navy nominally making trips around the globe and conducting training at sea away from home ports. The military maintains independent code-crackers, cryptologists, and modern information warfare specialists.

Economy

Amali is a social market economy, which is a mix of a capitalistic system with a welfare state (also referred to as social capitalism). In particular, Amali guaranetees basic necessities in healthcare are met for the average person and prevents unusual billings by private healthcare systems via laws and regulations. A strong social saftey network exists to protect the public in the event of economic downturn and allow/encourage them to take risks in new business ventures. While the government provides some level of assurance, privatized forms do exist and compete against one another. The strong legal frameworks were born from Amali's Gilded Age, wherein the central government created anti-trust boards and legislation, established safer work conditions for industrial workers, and reduced working hours from twelve hour days to ten among other elements. Amali nationally guarantees holidays and paid-time off for parental leave, amounting to six months for women and four months for men. Currently in terms of time, Amali guarantees 40-hour work weeks with two days off from work. Amali has strong laws allowing labor unions to negotiate with firms and intercede to provide immediate relief for their members should problems arise at the federal level, leading to a 74% union participation rate across the nation.

Currently, Amali is one of the largest economies in the world in terms of both gross GDP and per capita GDP. Of the relevant nations on the global stage, Amali is the largest economy and the second highest GDP per capita.

Science and Technology

Main articles:

Recent advances in electronics, computing, chemistry, and physics have allowed Amali to develop a much larger, much more vibrant technology and science sectors. Amalian scientists patented the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1924 and began mass producing it the following year. The year before, in 1923, scientists patented insulin and began production of the drug. However, due to the lifesaving elements of it, released the patent after holding it for two years as, in their belief, "no one company should control such a life altering drug." The first safe and mass-produced three-step vaccine was released to the public to combat measles in 1928 after discovery of how to develop andenoviruses (through the usage of chicken eggs).

Developments in the sciences have lead to a complete overhaul in how the world, and universe, works. It is believed there are at least 10,000 planets in this solar system based on observations from the North Salrosan Observatory. Physics has also modeled a relationship between potentially the beginning of the universe to now, suggesting that the universe "popped" into existence, and that we are potentially seeing these other planet's pasts. Work has begun to peer deeper into the universe to discover the mysteries with the expansion of the Salrosan Observatory and the construction of the day-time-oriented Yehwines Observatory.

The University of Capannoli published several papers regarding computing, standardizing many of the components into one array. At said university, the first ever proper computer was built in 1929, capable of holding a whole 70 bits of immediate-memory and 256 bits of long-term memory, coming with only add, multiply, subtract in the base version. An add-on, released in 1930, comes with division and square root capabilities. The primary operation of said computer is through punch cards and levers. Private industry, as well, has made owning personal computing machines (calculators) far more accessible for the average person, and electronic components have made their way into many new devices, albeit many are only affordable to the wealthy and government.

The central government has also seen to expanding more sectors of science and technology, offering grants for research and product development through the National Science Foundation, Naval Research Laboratory/Office of Naval Sciences, and Aviation Laboratory, to name a few.

Tourism
Main articles:

Tourism is a not-insignificant part of Amali's economy, largely to do with the Salrosan Isles and Yehwines. Both islands are havens for tourists and have much larger gambling sectors than the mainland, often being used as tourist traps. As well, much more of these territories are reserved to nature and expand heavily upon the NaWPS protections to preserve (and monetize) the land. Tourism makes up the large part of these territory's economies far more than on the mainland. Tourism does exist on the mainland, however is a significantly less impactful sector compared to the three island states.

The Salrosan Isles are famous for their fishing, scuba diving, water skiing, surfboarding, and other water-related activities. Food often times is fish-based, owing to the natural abundance of fish around the isles, and is a melting pot of Kumosenkan's sushi and Amalian traditional fish dishes. When not exploring the vast waters around the isles, exploring the various archipelagos provides a unique experience with undisturbed nature. In the north, there is also the yearly Isle Treks, whereby participants enage in swimming or canoing between the isles in a race. The south, on the other hand, is home to many of the more scenic and space-viewing folks. Festivals surrounding space and the passage of time happen yearly to ring in the new year.

Yehwines, on the other hand, is largely known as "a glimpse into Amali's past". Many ancient and historical buildings exist in the cities that dot the island, and many more ruins exist to be explored in the interior of the island. Yehwines largely adopts more traditionalist and conservationist policies to maintain the island's history and unique. The island is home to three of the largest mueseums in Amali and two of the largest in the world: Amalian Anthropology Museum, Yehwines Natural History Museum, and the Cultural Heritage Museum.

Transportation & Infrastructure

See also:

As Amali is on the crux of the coast, it is a massively important trading hub by rail. Most rail track between the Granahara Dessert and the Granahara Plains are laid through Amali, and given that the largely flat land going from Amali to Maiz into Koi, it is a pivotal location for the Staol trade. In order to keep costs of maintence low, and to not have to be entirely responsible for keeping staol flowing south and west, the vast majority of the rail system is standard gauge to keep in line with Koi's gauging. However, some broad gauge track has been laid between the eastern most point and the southwestern most point to build a more efficient rail system for internal, military use.

Amali is one of the lowest ranking personal car-ownership nations in the Old World owing to its largely public infrastructure dominated cities. Public infrastructure also is efficient in taking citizens from major cities to the countryside. Most of these rails are privately owned and state-subsidized to keep costs of transport low, however longer distances are joint ventures between private investment firms and the central government. Privately owned transit isn't illegal, it is just not commonplace as in nations like Lusatia-Jzegrad or Galra. Several major car companies do exist, however, and compete on the international scale for both consumer-grade cars and luxury vehicles.

With the rise of air travel, Amali has invested a bit into the fad to experiment with planes as a means of public transit to prevent over-tracking the nation. Currently, Amali primarily has small regional hubs with only one "national" hub in the capital city's outskirts. Plane-based travel is also considered a luxury at this time, leading to only small subets of the population able to fly (on thier own dime) or those for major companies (chartering flights on company dollars).

Energy

Main articles:

Amali's civil infrastructure is primarily built around Staol, imported mostly from the nation of Koi. Staol represents 80% of civil power output, coal represents the next largest apportionment at 17.5%, and hydro represents the smallest portion of power generation (primarily in the desert state along the Grand River) at 2.5%. Several new initiatives have been drafted to expand the power grid to more regions of the nation, not just its major cities and ports.

Industry

Main articles:

Amali's industry rapidly developed once it had access to Staol, owing to the nation's abundance of natural resources (save for the energy source itself). Staol's energy-dense form allowed for many automizations and advancements that would have otherwise taken years more to achieve on the same scale with coal, however some systems have been desinged with either input (usually being 1.75:1 to 3:1 coal-Staol ratio). The nation quickly became a leader in the south for exporting of industrial goods of all kinds, from textiles to canned goods to machine parts. By the turn of the 18th century, the country had already grown to rival Ulster-Gaelia and Lustia-Jzegrad economically, trailing only behind Galra due to lack of time to grow their economy.

Industry plays an important role in Amali's foreign and domestic policies. In terms of foreign economic power projection, Amali trades with just about every nation save for Verak and its allies. Amali is a leader in many different fields in its production quality, primarily in many of the "advanced" industries such as medicine and electronics. In addition to its export of advanced equipment, Amali also exports the most food of any nation in Ouhiri in: fruits, grains, and vegetables.

Demographics
Population

With 298 million people, Amali is one of the largest nations in Ouhiri by population. By species type, the majority of Amali is human at 72.65% of the population, followed by Myktra (10.9%), Varia (8.75%), and Salrosan (3.75%). A total population-by-species breakdown as below:

Species Population Demographics in Amali

(1930)

Species	Population by Percentage	Population by Raw
Human	72.65%	216,528,704
Myktra (East Granaharan)	10.9%	32,486,756
Varia (Verakian)	8.75%	26,078,818
Salrosan (Salrosa)	3.75%	11,176,636
Koian (Koi)	1.4%	4,172,610
Shazza'k (Marrlan)	1.33%	3,963,980
Fecerrin (Roskanan)	1.05%	3,129,458
Inseli (Elenrian)	0.27%	804,717
Austari (Elenrian)	0.20%	596,087
Kumo (Kumosenkan)	0.15%	447,065
Odaru (Ashigawa)	0.05%	149,021

Amali is also home to many immigrants and refugees from around the major continent and Touli (despite more restrictive policies). Particularly, asylum seekers from the Sicelis and colonial regions in Touli, primarily those of Elenria and Galran-Touli. Primary post-college-stayers are men identified as ex-Kumosenkan, both of Kumo and human species, at a 4:1 rate of their female counterparts, likely owing to the matriarchal society of Kumosenkan. Of the first-generation migrants, the following is a breakdown of where the first generation immigrants from the 5.5 million (5,520,190) immigrants in 1929:

Origins of First-Generation Immigrants

Origin	Percentage	Raw
Granuras	66.11%	3,649,397
Adrium	1.25%	69,002
Barasque	4.5%	248,408
Detti	0.5%	27,600
Grinvel and Striaca	0.25%	13,800
Hatu	0%	0
Koi	0.44%	24,288
Kovus	0%	0
Maiz	1.1%	60,722
Marrlan	1.8%	99,363
Mofli	0.5%	27,600
Nevarra	4.2%	231,847
Oflaya	0.1%	5,520
Othoria	9.95%	549,258
Revukin	1.2%	66,242
Salvokja	5.5%	303,610
Siceli, North	17.5%	966,033
Siceli, South	15.4%	850,109
Treice	0.52%	28,704
Verak	1.4%	77,282
Nardras	8.35%	460,935
Abbadon	0.1%	5,520
Aswon	0.23%	12,696
Dirian	0.77%	42,505
Galra	1.75%	96,603
Mestrian States	2.4%	132,484
Shaum Shela	1.1%	60,722
Reseria (incl. Hokiala)	13.23%	730,321
Guild Union	0.31%	17,112
Lusatia-Jzegrad	1.98%	109,299
Ulster-Gaelia	3.24%	178,854
Seleucidenia	7.7%	425,054
Krelan	1%	55,201
Kumosenkan	1%	55,201
Touli (incl. Oda, Kapaku, and Cricon)	12.3%	678,983
Ashigawa	1%	55,201
Awhara	1.15%	63,482
Elenria	5.5%	303,610
Eleria	0.5%	27,600
Franerre	1.5%	82,802
South Touli	1.25%	69,002
Yaji	1.4%	77,282
Arema	0.01%	552

Language

For more information, see:

The nation is a mixing pot of many different languages, owing to its immigration waves starting when the country's borders were first formalized on the Walval Ocean. Amali federally recognizes Amalian, also called New Amalian, (since its inception) and Standard Common (since 1717) as the de facto languages of the federal government. All laws are written in both Amali, first, and Standard Common, second. While Amali federally recognizes Amalian and Standard Common, the Amalian Constitution guarantees the existence of all languages of immigrants. While there is expectation that immigrants will learn one or the other, many mother languages are still spoken in public by immigrants.

New Amalian is the largest spoken, written, and read language in Amali (91% of all people understand New Amalian), followed by Standard Common (52% of all people understand Standard Common). New Amalian's mother language, Old Amalian, has a public participation rate of around 22% and is steadily dropping outside of academic usages. Analysts predict Old Amalian will hover around 13.5-15%, owing to the religious nature Old Amalian participated in.

Amali's language developed over the course of centuries, from its initial and oldest seen form on the Bay of Thessaside, owing to the Northern Migration Events, Conquests of Verak, the Great Language Shift, Staol Trade Network, and Era of Colonization. Old Amalian and New Amalian maintain distinct writing and vocal patterns, with Old Amalian writings appearing more rigid, structured, and more akin to their northern neighbors while New Amalian maintains a more flowy and poetic nature owing to Veraki and Ahridi influences. New Amalian is maintained by the National Convention of the Amalian Language (NCAL), which also maintains rules about Old Amalian, and is consistently adopting new words to incorporate into the language.

Religion
Amali recognizes, as per the Constitution, no official religion as the state religion. While freedom to religion is guaranteed under the Constitution, and apart from many of the nations of Granuras that also maintain such protections, freedom from religion is also guaranteed under the Constitution. Amali is a secular state under the Constitution. This does not prevent citizens from partaking of their own religious practices; as many Amalians do practice religion in some form or another. The major Elenrian philosophies are guaranteed under the same religious protections clauses as major religions in the old world.

Religious and Philosophical Practices in Amali

Practice	Percentage	Raw
South Granuran	62%	184,787,056
Thessasidi	56.2%	167,500,525
Fato	5.7%	16,988,487
Karovi	1.1%	3,278,480
Gaelic	5%	14,902,182
Paganach	5%	14,902,182
Isa	12.5%	37,255,455
Sunna	8.15%	24,290,556
Shay'at	3.85%	11,474,680
Koi	1.2%	3,576,523
Tashi	1.2%	3,576,523
Cristianity	9.9%	29,506,320
Catelicism	7.5%	22,353,273
Gaelicism	2.4%	7,153,047
Elenrian	2.5%	7,451,091
Covenant of the Paths	1.5%	4,470,654
Lineage of the Expeditions	1%	2,980,436
Ashigawan	0.5%	1,490,218
Shintoism		1,490,218
Kumonian	0.8%	2,384,349
Hantoreso		2,384,349
Non-religious / Not Important	5.6%	16,690,443

Health

Amali is a relatively healthy nation, owing mainly to that Mediterranean diets (preferring less meats and more greens) and its cities being highly walk-able and having massive investments into public transit. Private vehicles are owned by a significant portion of the population, however they are reserved for long distances where transit cannot take individuals or it is inconvenient. Cars are largely regulated against in major cities, owing to sounds and pollution being attributed to the deaths of civilians. Amali has an obesity rate of around 6.6%, a child mortality rate of 8.8 per 1000, an average of 4.4 children per woman (nationally, individual population groups may vary), and an average life expectancy of 71 years (68 for men, 74 for women). Amali's primary growing concerns are from a luxury-lifestyle culture as it transitions into a higher-income nation, seeing type 1 diabetes and old age diseases such as [Alzheimers] and [Parkinsons].

Mental health and the study of it is funded largely through the national government, owing to the recent influx of queries into the sapient psyche. Amali federally funds most of this research, most notably from the Federal Institute for Sapient Health and the Amalian military. The latter of which has researchers deployed around the world, where allowed, examining the effects of modern warfare on the human psyche. The field is relatively new in comparison to the understanding of physical health and its research, with only a second generation of psychologists actively pursuing new avenues of research and disproving many theories once thought widely correct, namely those proposed by Douglas McShae, namely those regarding psychoanalysis and the various theories about the id, ego, and the supergo. In a major departure at the turn of the 20th century, in order for a medical paper to be published in Amalian circles, a paper must consider both male and female physiology. That is, the paper must conduct research on both groups in regards to medicine.

Education

Education in Amali is compulsory from the ages of five to sixteen, federally. Funding for primary education comes from the federal government, equal budgets being given to each school district to begin with. From there, supplemental educational funding is provided based on the state and/or its community. Largely, though, states primarily fund education as a whole rather than leaving it to individual counties. There have been two major overhauls to education in Amali prior to the 1927 changes, once in 1688 regarding literacy and beginning of compulsory education (five to ten) and again in 1803, with a massive expansion, overhaul, and standardization of primary education at a federal level to make the whole of the nation competitive. Primary education is broken up into a Preyear (intended for five year olds) and twelve years (often referred to as First Years, Second Years, etc.). Primary education is free to all children, regardless of the parents' citizenship statuses, as it is largely paid for through taxes that all citizens pay.

Amali also has many secondary institutions, both in private and public spheres, various community colleges, and technical colleges. Public universities are typically regarded as more rounded and diverse in thought owing to their multitude of schools typically housed in the same roof. Private universities, typically one or two schools, are highly specialized in their field and either work with an element of the federal government or a private enterprise. Community colleges are smaller versions of public universities, typically. Private universities do not receive federal funding for students, leading to higher costs of attendance for undergraduate students. However, private colleges do typically provide scholarships for Ph.D. students as a means to bring in more talented workers. Public communities and community colleges receive substantial federal funding, along with grants being given to exceptional students to cover the remaining costs of attendance. Technical colleges are a hybrid model of federal, state, and private. Often, the federal budget allows for the building to maintain itself while states and private enterprises provide the remaining funds to gather technical workers and professions in high demand.

Amali's culture does not lend itself to demanding students find secondary education in any form, leading to a smaller pool of university-educated individuals but typically more highly motivated and passionate about their work. The average age of a public university student is between 22-24, a technical student is somewhere between 17-20, and a private university is somewhere between 34-37. There are no laws against foreigners entering Amali to seek education. A separate form and identification system, created in 1891, was developed to specifically make ease-of-access for education in foreign populations easier.

Culture
Amali is home to many cultures and a wide variety of ethnic, racial, tradition, and value groups. Amali's culture is largely defined in the Southern Granuaras culture group. The nation is also largely influential with the rise of film, owing to two major film centers in its north and south. The country is regarded as a melting pot, integrating various immigrants and their cultures while also having been defined by new immigration. Amalians are traditionally defined as free flowing, hard working, competitiveness, and compassion. Amali's recent economic booms have lead to a massive increase in social mobility and a massive wealth increase in the world, despite not being a colonizing nation like many of the major powers on the continent.

Food & Drink

Amali's diet is characterized by its largely-Mediterranean lifestyle. Fruits, grains, and vegetables make up a large portion of the diet of the average Amalian, with meat only just beginning to be affordable en-masse for more common consumption. The creation of pasta is largely contributed to Amali. Many world renowned wines and spirits originate from Amali's vineyards and distilleries. Cuisine largely varies depending on where in the nation you are, largely delineated between the east and west of the country.

The Eastern half of the nation's food palettes are largely derived from Verakian influence during the occupation. Most meals contain wheat- and grain-based agriculture with various red meats, a la pasta, breads, pizzas, owing to the large fertile lands being agreeable to such growing conditions. The Western half of the nation is primarily based on vegetables, fruits, greens, along with lamb and beef for the protein. Pork is not featured heavily in Amalian meals, nor is there a large demand for it outside major cities.

There exist many holidays in Amali that celebrate with food; particularly and most notable, the [Summer Solstice Festival], [Fall Harvest / Gift of the Earth], and [New Year Festival]. Many more holidays exist between the Eastern and Western parts of the nation, some holidays being shared but slightly different.

Philosophy, Literature, & Visual Art

Amali is the center for many modern philosophical thoughts and ideas regarding democratic philosophy, political philosophy, individualism, collectivism, and science. It is the home point for what has become known as Humanism, the guiding principles behind modern democracies for which all brands non-diety-based derive from, and was part of the factors in the downfall of the Verakian Empire. The standardized writing systems and spoken language made information regarding these humanist ideas easier to spread, despite the lack of modern printing presses and modern communication technology. Amali is also home to transcendentalism (born recently from the nation's stability), pragmatism (as a result of the various Bay Rebellions), and, directly from the birth of humanism, the revival of political philosophy and the creation of Rationalism. The nation also bore witness to the rise of Democratic Authoritarianism and Democratic Populism in during the late 14th century. Notable Amalian-born philosophers consist of Dimitrios Sarantoti (a Pragmatist, born 1404), Nasia Teresopoulos (Humanist-Pragmatist b. 1419), Solriana and Orabella Endrizzi (transcendentalists. b. 1844, 1840 respectively), and the founders of humanism: Leopoldo Vecoli (b. 1044, executed 1072), Fredo Trevisan (b. 1032, d. 1098), Iro Maratos (b. 1035, d. 1166), Thanasis Pulidi (b. 999, executed 1072), and Stefania Nicolatzi (b. 1048, executed 1073).

Amali is also home to a growing architectural and artistic movement designed coined 'modernism', related to taking the rigidity of the past and abandoning what was once considered normal. As sub-fields develop, several new artistic forms have grown both in the mainstream and underground artistic centers. Abstract Expressionism, one such field of modernism, has recently taken much of the mainstream art world by storm with the death of Kumo-Amalian Mitsuru Kano and her works being brought front and center in a large number of exhibits across the nation. Amali hosts two international art fairs: Art of Ouhiri and Ilatin Cultural Art Festival. A small subculture of art in Amali is dedicated to picture taking, but no notable form has really managed to take off due to the relatively new invention.

The written tales of Amali can be traced back to the occupation of Verak, with the first translatable works being written down in about 400-300 MA pertaining to creation stories. Written fragments can be found and are dated between 2300-2200 MA, but are largely unintelligible due to what is believed to be wear-and-tear from the elements. Before that point, most of Amali's stories were passed down by word-of-mouth between family and friends or as part of theater. Novelists, poets, and short story authors in Amali are responsible for the creation of a large array of fantasy works, owing to the myths and legends of the nation, as well as the development of Romanticism's literary branch. Amalian writers are also in-part for the development of Steam- and Dieselpunk after the Third Staol War (such as the works of Giada Corsetti and veteran of the Third Staol War, Marios Stamatellis), largely revolving around if Koi was still considered too unstable to continue importing the coveted material. Amalian novelists also contributed to the development of the Nevarran Solarpunk genre, the majority of the authors having been born and raised in the northwestern deserts. Many of Amali's literary works mirror the development of Humanism and post-Humanist ideals and philosophies.

Music

Music is a large part of Amalian culture, having been mirrored in its rise with the development theater in the region. Many different kinds of instruments were created by those living in the bay areas and imported culturally from the Northern Deserts and ancient Premnans. Alongside their Premnan counterparts, Amalian musical artists cited as some of the main developers of the notion of Romanticism, primarily with the development of a cabaret nationalistic songs with the victories over Verak in the Western Bay Wars. The development of classical music in Amali largely focused on shorter pieces, as music by that point had reached a critical mass of audience. Larger classical compositions were common in the larger cities, but smaller works of classical music were created and distributed. With the rise of the phonograph, however, many of these larger works would soon find their way to the countryside and into the ears of non-city-goers.

Gaelians who immigrated to Amali also brought folk and country music the nation had developed, synergizing with with the common instruments of Amali to create a distinctly different form of folk with lyrics focusing more on the folklore of the nation over Ulster-Gaelia's defeat in the Hawaiian War against Kumosenkan. The diverging styles are simply named "Amalian" and "Gaelian" folk music. Similarly, Premnan and Desert-stylized music synthesized with their respective borders, leading to a blend and rise of different genres.

Cinema & Theater

Theater in the Bay Areas are the oldest and longest running form of entertainment and storytelling in the region's history. The earliest theatrical performance is dated somewhere between 5000-4000 MA, while the earliest tangible written evidence is some 2000 years later.

Likewise, with the advent of motion picture, Amalia has largely dominated the space when it comes to consumer motion pictures. One of the first motion picture captures in Amali was that of a street in the capital, lasting a total of four seconds. The original film real is maintained in the National Historical Archive in the capital, with several copies being created and distributed to other libraries for viewing. The first mass-produced motion picture, created in 1890, lasted a total of twelve seconds and featured the arrival of a train in a train station. Reports at the time stated, "It was surreal, it felt like we were actually there! Several audience members ran out of the building when the train came in, fearing that a real train was about to hit them." The film was aptly and concisely named, Arrival of a Passegner Train, and was filmed by Tolis Malouli.

Nowadays, silent motion picture films are the predominant form of entertainment. The average movie is around thirty to forty minutes in length, with the most typical format being slapstick comedy or a short mystery. The longest film, titled Thessaside (1925), is an hour long movie about the creation myth for the Goddess Thessaside. These motion pictures typically also accompanied by silent title cards and a band. Thessaside is also the longest running box office movie, airing every Lilday and Ouday in the National Malouli Theater in Chenia, Myricos. Recently, the first ever audio-produced movie, The Country Race (1928), was released to the astonishment of the critics. It was a fifteen minute length short documentary featuring the race culture of the Northwestern polistatis.

Sports

Sports are a common occurrence in Amali. There are no governmental agencies or bodies regulating sports, but the federal government has laws and regulations regarding protection of players. Most popular sports - such as baseball (Kumosenkan), rugby (Amali), soccer (Amali/Nevarra), and football (Lusatia-Jzegrad) - exist primarily on a club level. That is, there are national-level private organizations that govern the sports, matches, etc. Sports receive some subsidies at the state level, largely to help develop more cultural outings. Sports betting is legal at the federal level and is administered through the Gambling Laws. The popularity of each sport is not equal, largely being determined by what state an individual resides in. Given the more temperate year-round climate of the mainland, most sports that are enjoyed are going to be field-based sports. The South Salrosan Isles, owing to the colder climates, typically fields colder sports such as hockey and competitive ice skating.

Rugby, as a general sport, is one of Amali's cultural heritages, along with a more primitive form of soccer that has largely been adapted with the Nevarran rules. Rugby is a close-contact team sport with two sets of rules: Leagues or Union. The primary difference is in player count (13 vs 15) and the way the game is played with Leagues being typically faster-paced, and often times more dangerous, than its Union counterpart. Leagues developed in the northwest during the Verak occupation while Union split off in the East as a means to satisfy the more social aspects of sports.

Baseball in Amali differs greatly from that of Kumosenkan, owing to the distinct lack of spiders. Baseball in the nation is a 2D affair versus the three-dimensional arena that Kumosenkan baseball affords, largely because of the use of webs that the standard Amalian lacks the capability to produce.